Draft of First Catalogue

ANALYSIS OF THE NCNM 1956-57-58 COURSES AND CURRICULUM

By Brian L. Altonen

Taken from notes on pages 19-28 of draft copy of first NCNM Catalog.

CURRICULUM

FRESHMAN YEAR

First Semester HOURS

Class Semester

Anat 311 Histology 90 5

Anat 312.1 Osteology 90 5

Phys 321 Physiology 126 5

Chem 331 Inorganic Chemistry 90 4

Nat 391 Introduction to Healing Arts 54 3

___ __

(25 Class Hours per Week) 450 22

Second Semester

Anat 312.2 Syndesmology 36 2

Anat 312.3 Myology 72 4

Phys 322 Physiology 126 5

Chem 332 Organic Chemistry 72 4

Bact 341 Bacteriology 72 4

Clin 381 First Aid 18 1

Nat 391 Body Mechanics 54 3

___ __

(25 Class Hours per Week) 450 23

Total Class Hours for Freshman Year 900 45

SOPHOMORE

Third Semester HOURS

Class Semester

Anat 413 Embryology 72 4

Anat 412.4 Angiology & Lymphatics 72 4

Anat 414.1 Anatomical Neurology 72 4

Chem 433 Biochemistry 72 4

Path 451 General Pathology 109 5

Rntg 471 X-ray Technique 72 4

Nat 493.1 Manipulative Technique 72 4

___ __

(30 Class Hours per Week) 540 29

Fourth Semester

Anat 412.5 Splanchnology 54 3

Anat 414.2 Anatomical Neurology 54 3

Phys 423 Advances Physiology &

Correlative 54 3

Chem 434 Biochemistry 54 3

P.H. 442 Public Health & Preventive

Medicine (incl. statistics) 72 4

Path 452 Special Pathology 90 4

Path 453 Laboratory Diagnosis 72 4

Nat 493.2 Manipulative Technique 90 5

___ __

(30 Class Hours per Week) 540 29

Total Class Hours for Sophomore Year 1080 58

Total Class Hours to date 1980 103

JUNIOR

Fifth Semester HOURS

Class Semester

Anat 512.6 Dissection, Human 144 5

Diag 561 Physical Diagnosis 90 5

Diag 563.1 Ophthalomology 36 2

Diag 564.1 Clinical Neurology 72 4

Diag 565.1 Gynecology

(Minor Surgery 30 hrs) 72 4

Diag 566 Orthopedics (Minor Surgery) 18 1

Clin 582 Electrotherapy 36 2

Nat 594.1 Prin. & Prac. of Naturopathy 18 1

Nat 595.1 Bot. Med. 36 2

Clin 585.1 Clinic

(Nat. Med. Pract. 50 hrs) 144 4

___ __

(37 Class Hours per Week) 666 30

Sixth Semester

Diag 562 Clinical Diagnosis 90 5

Diag 563.2 Otolaryngology 36 2

Diag 564.2 Visceral Neurology 54 3

Diag 565.2 Obstetrics 72 4

Clin 586.1 Minor Surgery 36 2

Clin 583 Physiotherapy 36 2

Clin 584 Hydrotherapy 36 2

Nat 594.2 Prin. & Prac. of Naturopathy 36 2

Nat 595.2 Bot. Med. 36 2

Clin 585.2 Clinic

(Nat. Med. Pract. 50 hrs) 144 4

___ __

(32 Class Hours per Week) 576 28

Total Class Hours for Junior Year 1242 58

1980 103

Total Class Hours for to date 3222 161

SENIOR

Seventh Semester HOURS

Class Semester

Chem 635.1 Trophology 36 2

Chem 636 Toxicology 16 1

Path 654 Clinical Pathology 36 2

Diag 667 Pediatrics 72 4

Rntg 673.1 X-ray Interpretation 36 2

Clin 688.1 Psychiatry

(Abnormal Psychology) 54 3

Clin 686.2 Minor Surgery 36 2

Clin 689.1 Clinic (Naturae Medicina

Pract. 50 hrs.) 360 18

Clin 689.3 Obstetric Internship 40 2

___ __

(38 Class Hours per Week) 688 36

Eighth Semester

Chem 635.2 Trophology 18 1

Diag 668 Geriatrics 36 2

Diag 669.1 Proctology

(Minor Surgery 30 hrs.) 54 3

Diag 669.2 Urology 18 1

Rntg 673.2 Advanced X-ray Interpretation 18 1

Clin 688.2 Psychiatry

(Abnormal Psychology) 54 3

Nat 696 Semantics 18 1

Nat 697 Jurisprudence 36 2

Nat 698 Endocrinology 36 2

Clin 689.2 Clinic (Naturae Medicina

Pract. 50 hrs.) 360 18

Clin 689.3 Obstetric Internship 40 2

___ __

(38 Class Hours per Week) 688 36

Total Class Hours for Senior Year 1376 72

3222 161

Total Class Hours for graduation 4598 233

DEPARTMENT DESCRIPTIONS

CLASSROOM AND SEMESTER HOUR REQUIREMENTS

HOURS

Class Semester

Basic Science Departments

I. Department of Anatomy 756 39

II. Department of Physiology 306 13

III. Department of Chemistry 360 19

IV. Department of Bacteriology 144 8

V. Department of Pathology 306 15

SUM 2172 94

Clinical Departments

VI. Department of Diagnosis 720 40

VII. Department of Roentgenology 126 7

VIII. Department of Clinical Therapeutics

1394 65

SUM 2240 112

2172 94

TOTAL SUM 4412 206

TOTAL NON-TUITION COSTS FOR SCHOOLING: BY DEPARTMENTS

Expense #items

Basic Science Departments

I. Department of Anatomy $64.00 5

II. Department of Physiology $74.15 6

III. Department of Chemistry $29.75 4

IV. Department of Bacteriology $14.00 2

V. Department of Pathology $20.50 2

SUM $202.40 19

Clinical Departments

VI. Department of Diagnosis $87.50 11

VII. Department of Roentgenology $20.50 2

VIII. Department of Clinical Therap. $33.35 5

SUM $141.35 18

SUM-BOTH DEPTS $343.75 37

TOTAL NON-TUITION COSTS: TEXTBOOKS

Textbooks

Expense #items

Basic Science Departments (Freshman-Sophomore)

I. Department of Anatomy $48.00 4

II. Department of Physiology $22.00 4

III. Department of Chemistry $29.75 4

IV. Department of Bacteriology $14.00 2

V. Department of Pathology $20.50 2

SUM $134.25 16

Clinical Departments (Junior-Senior years)

VI. Department of Diagnosis $87.50 11

VII. Department of Roentgenology $20.50 2

VIII. Department of Clinical Therap. $30.75 4

SUM $137.25 17

SUM-BOTH DEPTS $271.00 33

TOTAL NON-TUITION COSTS: LAB & DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT

Textbooks

Expense #items

Basic Science Departments (Freshman-Sophomore)

I. Department of Anatomy $15.00 1

Dissection Kit

II. Department of Physiology $52.15 2

Stethoscope-9.65

Baumanometer [BP Cuff]- 42.50

III. Department of Chemistry None –

IV. Department of Bacteriology None –

V. Department of Pathology None –

SUM $67.15 16

Clinical Departments (Junior-Senior years)

VI. Department of Diagnosis None –

VII. Department of Roentgenology None –

VIII. Department of Clinical Therap. $3.16 1

Thermometer Set

SUM $3.16 1

SUM-BOTH DEPTS $70.31 17

The price difference is due to ???

DEPARTMENT DESCRIPTIONS

I. ANATOMY [Anat.]

Staff:

Department Head: Glenn C. Wildebour, B.S., N.D.

Lecturers: Linden R. Launer, M.A., N.D.

Mather

Kennedy, Jr.

Courses:

Histology [311]

Gross Anatomy [312 series]

Osteology, Syndesmology, Myology, Angiology & Lymphatics, Splanchnology, Dissection (human cadavers).

Human Embryology [413]

Neurology [414 series]

Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System

Textbooks:

Ham–Histology ($10.00)

Gray–Anatomy ($16.50)

Patton–Human Embryology ($11.00) [“Ayres-Anatomy 9.50” is scratched out and replaced with Patton’s book.]

Dorland’s Medical Dictionary ($11.50) is noted at the bottom of this first page and suggested for for “ALL COURSES.”

Other purchases:

Dissection Kit ($15.00)

DEPARTMENT DESCRIPTIONS

II. PHYSIOLOGY [Phys.]

Staff:

Department Head: Linden R. Launer, M.A., N.D.

Lecturers: W.W. Taylor, B.S., N.D.

Byrd

Courses:

Physiology [321,322]

Advanced Physiology & Correlative [423]

Textbooks:

Zoethout & Tuttle–Textbook of Physiology ($5.00)

Launer–Physiology Lab Manuals I and II. ($2.50 each)

Fulton–Physiology ($12.00)

Other purchases:

Stethoscope ($9.65)

Baumanometer ($42.50)

DEPARTMENT DESCRIPTIONS

III. CHEMISTRY [Chem.]

Staff:

Department Head: W.W. Taylor, B.S., N.D.

Lecturers: Wildebour

Diebold

Shepherd

Courses:

Inorganic Chemistry [331]
Organic Chemistry [332]
Biochemistry [433]
Biochemistry, Advanced [434]
Trophology [635.1 and 635.2]
Toxicology [636]

Textbooks:

King & Caldwell–Fundamentals of College Chem. ($4.75)
Luros–Essential of Chemistry ($4.50)
Kleiner–Human Biochemistry ($7.50)
Bicknell & Prescott–The Vitamins in Medicine ($13.00)

Other purchases:

None.

DEPARTMENT DESCRIPTIONS

IV. BACTERIOLOGY, PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTATIVE MEDICINE [Bact. and Pub.]

Staff:

Department Head: Henry M. Merritt, B.S., M.Ed., N.D.

Lecturers: Linden R. Launer, M.A., N.D.

Johnston

Courses:

Bacteriology [Bact. 341]

Public Health [“Pub. Health”]

Textbooks:

Kelly & Hite–Microbiology ($7.50)
Shepherd–Essential of Public Health ($6.50)

Other Purchases:

None.

DEPARTMENT DESCRIPTIONS

V. PATHOLOGY [Path.]

Staff:

Department Head: W. Martin Bleything, B.S., M.S., N.D.

Lecturers: Henry M. Merritt, B.S., M.Ed., N.D.

Mather

Byrd

Courses:

General Pathology [451]
Special Pathology [452]
Laboratory Diagnosis [453]
Clinical Pathology [654]

Textbooks:

Karsner–Human Pathology ($12.00)
Todd & Sandford–Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods ($8.50)

Other Purchases:

None.

CLINICAL DEPARTMENT DESCRIPTIONS

VI. DIAGNOSIS [Diag.]

Staff:

Department Head: Carl Kennedy, Sr.

Lecturers: W. Martin Bleything, B.S., M.S., N.D.

Feinberg

Johnston

Shepherd

Spaulding

Bemis (scratched out)

Hamptom (added)

Courses:

Physical Diagnosis [561]
Clinical Diagnosis (incl. Dermatology and Syphilology) [562]
Opthalmology (sic) [563.1]
Otolaryngology [563.2]
Clinical Neurology [564.1]
Visceral Neurology [564.2]
Gynecology [565.1]
Obstetrics [565.2]
Orthopedics (Minor Surgery) [566]
Pediatrics [667]
Geriatrics [668]
Proctology (Minor Surgery 30 hrs.) [669.1]
Urology [669.2]

Textbooks:

Loewenberg–Medical & Physical Diagnosis ($13.00)
Hollender–Nose, Throat, Ear ($7.50)
Traquair–Clinical Op[h]thalmology ($9.00)
Merritt–Fundamentals of Clinical Neurology ($7.00)
Pottenger–Symptoms of Visceral Disease ($7.50)
Crossen–Synopsis of Gynecology ($4.25)
Litzenberg–Synopsis of Obstetrics ($5.50)
Zahorsky–Synopsis of Pediatrics ($7.50)
Thewlis–Care of the Aged ($8.00)
Davis–Urology ($3.25)
Bleything–Advanced Concepot of Proctology ($15.00)

Other Purchases:

None.

DEPARTMENT DESCRIPTIONS

VII. ROENTGENOLOGY [Rntg.]

Staff:

Department Head: Donovan E. Hampton, N.D.

Lecturers: Bemis (scratched out)

Johnston

Courses

Roentgenographic Technique [471]
Roentgenographic Interpretation [673.1]
Adv.[anced] Roentgenographic Interpretation [673.2]

Textbooks

Sante–Manual of Radiological Techniques ($9.75)
Sante–Principles of Roentgenological Interpretation ($10.75)

Other Purchases

None.

DEPARTMENT DESCRIPTIONS

VIII. CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS [Clin.]

Staff

Department Head: Donovan E. Hampton, N.D.

Lecturers: W. Martin Bleything, B.S., M.S., N.D.

Kennedy, Sr.

Wildebour

Bemis (scratched out)

Courses:

First Aid [381]
Electrotherapy [582]
Physiotherapy [583]
Hydrotherapy [584]
Clinic (Naturae Medicina Pract. 50 hrs.) [585.1 & .2]
Minor Surgery [586.1]
Minor Surgery [686.2]

[sic, these two should be either 586.1 & 686.1, or 686.1 & 686.2]

Psychiatry (Incl. Abnormal Psychology) [688.1 & .2]
Clinic (Naturae Medicina Pract. 50 hrs.) [689.1 & .2]
Clinic (Obstetric Internship) [689.3 & .4]

Textbooks:

Red Cross–First Aid ($0.75))
Kovac–Electrotherapy and Light Therapy ($10.00)
Thorpe & Katz–Psychology of Abnormal Behavior ($6.50)
Ferguson–Surgery of the Ambulatory Patient ($12.00)

Other Purchases:

Thermometer Set ($3.60)

DEPARTMENT DESCRIPTIONS

IX. NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE [Nat.]

Staff:

Chairman: Dr. Carl Kennedy [Sr.] [see next page]

Department Head: W. Martin Bleything, B.S., M.S., N.D.

Lecturers: Linden R. Launer, M.A., N.D.

Bemis (scratched out)

Diebold

Hammond

Watson

Johnston

Donovan E. Hampton, N.D.

Courses

Introduction to the Healing Arts [391]
Body Mechanics [392]
Manipulative Technique [493.1 & .2]
Principles & Practice of Naturopathy [594.1 & .2]
Botanical Medicine [595.1 & .2]
Semantics [696]
Jurisprudence [697]
Endocrinology [698]

Textbooks

Pepper–Etymology ($5.50)
Goldswaite–Body Mechanics ($8.00)
Kuts & Cheraux–Naturae Medicina ($12.00)
Regan–Doctor, Law & Patient ($12.50)
Thompson–Endocrinology ($7.50)

Other Purchases:

None

NOTE: The top portion of the page was significantly modified during the first and second proofreading and rewriting of the draft.

The first version appears as:

“IX. DEPARTMENT OF NATUROPATHY

Lecturers: Drs. Bleything, Launer, Bemis, Diebold, Hammond, Watson.”

This was modified using light blue ink to the following:

“IX. DEPARTMENT OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE

Chairman: Dr. Carl Kennedy [Sr.?]

Lecturers: Drs. Bleything, Launer, Bemis, Diebold, Hammond, Watson.”

It was then modified using dark blue ink to produce this third and final version:

“IX. DEPARTMENT OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE

Chairman: Dr. Carl Kennedy [Sr.]

Department Head: W. Martin Bleyhting, B.S., M.S., N.D.

Lecturers: Drs. Bleything, Launer, Bemis, Diebold, Hammond, Watson & Hampton”

A Detailed Review of Naturopathic Courses

This is pretty much the actual appearance in draft on page 28:

”

Nat. 391 a Introduction to the Healing Arts 54 3
Nat. 392 a,c Body Mechanics 54 3
Nat. 493.1 a,c Manipulative Technique 72 4
Nat. 493,2 a,c Manipulative Technique, cont. 90 5
Nat. 594.1 a Principles & Practice of Naturopathy 18 1
Nat. 594.2 a Principles & Practice of Naturopathy,

cont. 36 2 Nat. 595.1 a,c Botanical Medicine 36 2

Nat. 595.2 a,c Botanical Medicine, cont. 36 2
Nat. 696 a Semantics 18 1
Nat. 697 a Jurisprudence 36 2
Nat. 698 a Endocrinology 36 2

Total hours required in the department of Naturopathy 486 27

”

Page 21 describes these symbols and their meaning:

“The period of instruction covrs four years, each year having its own course of study. The courses are designed to be progressive, and are arragned so that each correlates with the others. This feature is dwelt upon to the end that theory and practical instruction are closely coordinated. The instruction consists of lectures, recitations, demonstrations, and clinics through the four years.

“Courses of instruction are arranged in nine departments or related groups.

“Courses are numbered on the following basis: The first digit indicates the school year in which the course is offered. The second digit indicates the department under which the course is conducted. The third digit designates otherise the course number. The added letter designates the kind of course: i.e. a–lecture, b–laboratory, c–technic, and d–clinic.”

Therefore, reviewing the Department descriptions (pages 22 to 28), the following distinguishing features in each course or department are seen.

1. All courses, except the six indicated as “Clinic” in Department of Therapeutics (Naturae Medica 585 and 689, and “Obstetrical Internship” 689), have lectures attached to them, indicated by an ‘a’ preceding their titles.

2. The following courses which include a laboratory (‘b’):

–Anat. 312 and 512 of the Gross Anatomy sessions, in particular “Anat. 312.1 Osteology” (90 class hours and 5 Semester hours) and “Anat. 512.6 Dissection (human cadavers)” (144 class hours and 5 semester hours). Syndesmology, Myology, Angiology & Lymphatics, and Splanchnology sections did not include laboratory activities, nor did the two Neurology (Anat. 141) sources: “Anat. 414.1 a Central Nervous System 72 4” and “Anat. 141.2 a Peripheral Nervous System 54 3.”

–Anat. 413, “Human Embryology” did include a laboratory period, presumably for microscopic analysis.

–In the “Department of Physiology,” Phys. 321 and 322, Physiology (each 126 class hours and 5 semester hours), each had a laboratory session.

–In the “Department of Chemistry…,” Chem. 331, the “Inorganic Chemistry” class had a basic chemical laboratory session.

–In the “Department of Bacteriology…,,” Bact. 341 “Bacteriology” and “P.H….Public Health & Preventative Medicine” had laboratory sessions.

–In the “Department of Pathology,” “General Pathology” (Path. 451) and “Special Pathology” (Path. 452) each had laboratory sessions, as well as Path. 453 “Laboratory Diagnosis.”

3. None of the courses offered by the “Clinical Departments” (Department of Diagnosis, Department of Roentgenology, or Department of Clinical Therapeutics) offered laboratory training. All 500 and 600 level courses in these departments offered clinical training sessions (indicated by a ‘d’).

4. All except the courses entitled “Clinic” (“Naturae Medicina” and “Obstetrical Internship”) offered technical training (indicated by a ‘c’). Therefore, technician’s training was received by naturopathic externs and clinicians in:

–Physical and Clinical Diagnoses, Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology, Clinical and Visceral Neurology, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Orthopedics, Pediatrics, Geriatrics, Proctology, and Urology, [all of the Department of Diagnosis], and

–Electrotherapy, Physiotherapy, Hydrotherapy, Minor Surgery, Psychiatry, X-ray, [all of the Department of Diagnosis].

5. Other Clinical, Diagnostic and Technical skills were included as part of these departments pertaining to the studies of Dermatology, Syphilology (as part of the “Clinical Diagnosis” [Diag. 562] training), and Minor Surgery (as part of the diagnostic and clinical training in Gynecology [Diag. 565.1], Orthopedics [Diag. 566], and Proctology [Diag. 699.1].)

More on this appears in the prior notes taken on page 27 of the original draft, quoted and described previously in this section of the study of Naturopathic School history.

Of the total

a b c d

I. 756:39 306:14 — —

II 306:13 252:10 — —

III 360:19 90:4 — —

IV 144:8 144:8 — —

V 306:15 270:13 — —

VI 720:40 — 720:40 720:40

VII 126:7 — 72:4 72:4

VIII 306:17 — 306:17 1088:40

IX 486:27 — 234:13 —

The other features of the individual courses stand out:

Botanical Medicine [Nat. 595.1 and .2] is a blending of classroom and didactic technician’s training.

Manipulative Techniques [Nat. 493.1 and .2] also makes use of classroom and didactic training.

Electrotherapy, physiotherpay and hydrotherapy [Clin. 582-4 “a,c,d”] require didactic training outside of classroom training in two areas: technical skills and clinical skills. The same is true for Minor Surgery [Clin 586 and 686] and PSychiatry [Clin. 688.1 and .2].

Both classroom and laboratory training were utilized for teaching much needed laboratory, medical and clinical skills in Pathology, Bacteriology, “Public Health and Preventative Medicine.”

Basic sciences which traditionally made use of lecturing and laboratory teaching methods in colleges also accomplished the same in this school’s first two-years “Basic Science” sequence. These classes include: Inorganic Chemistry [Chem. 331], Physiology [Phys. 321, 322], Histology [Anat. 311], Gross Anatomy [312, 412? and 512], Osteology [Anat. 312.1] and Human Embryology [Anat. 413].

How this can be related to the individual academic year activities is as follows.

FRESHMAN YEAR

First Semester HOURS

Class Semester

Anat 311 Histology 90 5

Anat 312.1 Osteology 90 5

Phys 321 Physiology 126 5

Chem 331 Inorganic Chemistry 90 4

Nat 391 Introduction to Healing Arts 54 3

___ __

(25 Class Hours per Week) 450 22

Second Semester

Anat 312.2 Syndesmology 36 2

Anat 312.3 Myology 72 4

Phys 322 Physiology 126 5

Chem 332 Organic Chemistry 72 4

Bact 341 Bacteriology 72 4

Clin 381 First Aid 18 1

Nat 391 Body Mechanics 54 3

___ __

(25 Class Hours per Week) 450 23

Total Class Hours for Freshman Year 900 45

FIRST YEAR

First Semester

Introduction to Healing Arts a 54 4

Histology a,b 90 5

Osteology a,b 90 5

Physiology a,b 126 5

Inorganic Chemistry a,b 90 4

Second Semester

Syndesmology a 36 2

Myology a 72 4

Organic Chemistry a 72 4

Physiology a,b 126 5

Bacteriology a,b 72 4

First Aid a,c 18 1

Body Mechanics a,c 54 3

ANALYSIS

The first year students are responsible for attending 25 class hours per week.

The emphasis on this first year curriculum is of course in the lecture and laboratory work that makes up Basic Science training; these are the pretty much same prerequisistes that exist for modern day medical schools as well.

Note the Organic Chemistry course lacked a laboratory requirement, presumably due to lack of money to support a chemistry lab facility. Even laboratory safety requirements were greatly lacking during the 1950s. some basic safety requirements did exist, making the operation of such a facility at the ever-moving Naturopathic School more difficult to carry out, and perhaps even more dangerous.

Students are given didactic training in First Aid and “Body Mechanics.”

The First Aid course used and probably matched the American Red Corss version of an [Advanced] First Aid course, and utilized the same Red Cross textbook. Contemporary teachings of equal format inclde the Red Cross and Emergency Medical Technician’s courses used to train contemporary Naturopathic students in the preliminary knowledge and skills needed for the practice of emergency medicine in their post-graduate and clinical years.

The course in “Body Mechanics” presumably focused on stretching techniques, exercises, and massage.

SOPHOMORE

Third Semester HOURS

Class Semester

Anat 413 Embryology 72 4

Anat 412.4 Angiology & Lymphatics 72 4

Anat 414.1 Anatomical Neurology 72 4

Chem 433 Biochemistry 72 4

Path 451 General Pathology 109 5

Rntg 471 X-ray Technique 72 4

Nat 493.1 Manipulative Technique 72 4

___ __

(30 Class Hours per Week) 540 29

Fourth Semester

Anat 412.5 Splanchnology 54 3

Anat 414.2 Anatomical Neurology 54 3

Phys 423 Advances Physiology &

Correlative 54 3

Chem 434 Biochemistry 54 3

P.H. 442 Public Health & Preventive

Medicine (incl. statistics) 72 4

Path 452 Special Pathology 90 4

Path 453 Laboratory Diagnosis 72 4

Nat 493.2 Manipulative Technique 90 5

___ __

(30 Class Hours per Week) 540 29

Total Class Hours for Sophomore Year 1080 58

Total Class Hours to date 1980 103

SECOND YEAR

Third Semester HOURS

Class Semester

Angiology & Lymphatics a 72 4

Anatomical Neurology a 72 4

Biochemistry a 72 4

Embryology a,b 72 4

General Pathology a,b 109 5

Manipulative Technique a,c 72 4

X-ray Technique a,c,d 72 4

___ __

(30 Class Hours per Week) 540 29

Fourth Semester

Splanchnology a 54 3

Neurology a 54 3

Advanced Physiology & Correlative a 54 3

Biochemistry a 54 3

Public Health/Preventive Medicine a,b 72 4

Special Pathology a,b 90 4

Laboratory Diagnosis a,b 72 4

Manipulative Technique a,c 90 5

___ __

(30 Class Hours per Week) 540 29

ANALYSIS

Lectures are again emphasized during this second year of the Basic Science Training program. Three of the Anatomy topics–Angiology & Lymphatic, Splanchnology and Neurology–which are taught, are learned through classroom training only.

Laboratory requirements which must be passed in the second year pertain to Embryology, Pathology, learning the various laboratory diagnostic skills, and any laboratory related skills in public health and preventive medicine.

The Technical skills being taught during the Sophomore year are in Radiology and “Manipulative Technique,” for which an entire year of didactic teachings are given.

Responsibility as a Clinician also begin during the first half of the second year. As a part of learning W-raying skills, a certain amount of clinical time is expected to take place.

The statistical knowledge required of medicne is also taught this year, as a part of the Public Health & Preventive Medicine program [P.H. 442].

JUNIOR

Fifth Semester HOURS

Class Semester

Anat 512.6 Dissection, Human 144 5

Diag 561 Physical Diagnosis 90 5

Diag 563.1 Ophthalomology 36 2

Diag 564.1 Clinical Neurology 72 4

Diag 565.1 Gynecology

(Minor Surgery 30 hrs) 72 4

Diag 566 Orthopedics (Minor Surgery) 18 1

Clin 582 Electrotherapy 36 2

Nat 594.1 Prin. & Prac. of Naturopathy 18 1

Nat 595.1 Bot. Med. 36 2

Clin 585.1 Clinic

(Nat. Med. Pract. 50 hrs) 144 4

___ __

(37 Class Hours per Week) 666 30

Sixth Semester

Diag 562 Clinical Diagnosis 90 5

Diag 563.2 Otolaryngology 36 2

Diag 564.2 Visceral Neurology 54 3

Diag 565.2 Obstetrics 72 4

Clin 586.1 Minor Surgery 36 2

Clin 583 Physiotherapy 36 2

Clin 584 Hydrotherapy 36 2

Nat 594.2 Prin. & Prac. of Naturopathy 36 2

Nat 595.2 Bot. Med. 36 2

Clin 585.2 Clinic

(Nat. Med. Pract. 50 hrs) 144 4

___ __

(32 Class Hours per Week) 576 28

Total Class Hours for Junior Year 1242 58

1980 103

Total Class Hours for to date 3222 161

JUNIOR

Fifth Semester HOURS

Class Semester

Prin. & Prac. of Naturopathy a 18 1

Botanical Medicine a,b 36 2

Dissection, Human a,b 144 5

Physical Diagnosis a,c,d 90 5

Ophthalomology a,c,d 36 2

Clinical Neurology a,c,d 72 4

Gynecology a,c,d 72 4

Orthopedics (Minor Surgery) a,c,d 18 1

Electrotherapy a,c,d 36 2

Clinic (Naturae Medicina) d 144 4

___ __

(37 Class Hours per eek) 666 30

Sixth Semester

Prin. & Prac. of Naturopathy a 36 2

Botanical Medicine a,b 36 2

Clinical Diagnosis a,c,d 90 5

Otolaryngology a,c,d 36 2

Visceral Neurology a,c,d 54 3

Gynecology a,c,d 72 4

Minor Surgery a,c,d 36 2

Physiotherapy a,c,d 36 2

Hydrotherapy a,c,d 36 2

Clinic (Naturae Medicina) d 144 4

___ __

(32 Class Hours per Week) 576 28

During the Junior Year, the first Clinical Year of the curriculum, students are taught to put toegether the variety skills they learned in the Basic and Clinical Sciences during their previous two years at NCNM. This takes place in the course titled “Principles and Practice of Naturopathy” [Nat. 594.1 and .2] which lasts the entire academic year.

Botanical Medicine is also taken, as a substitute for the Pharmacology program included in regular medical schools. [recall the naturopathic schools were absolved from the chiropractic schools harboring them as “drugless physicians.”]

Laboratory skills are still being practiced in the Human Cadaver dissection phase of the training [Anat. 512.6]. This occurs fairly late in the curriculum, when viewed in comaprison to today’s regular medical school teachings, which like to include the Cadaver dissection as part of the first year curriculum in regular medical school. Presumably, the school chose this option in order to enable the students to apply their earlier teachings in anatomy and physiology during the first two eyars. The disadvantage to thios laerning method is that during their first years of externship, these same students are actively dissecting cadavers, which makes for questionable professionalism due to the problems attached to malingering odors from remaining in the dissecting room for long periods of time; these same odors probably amde some patients rethink their participation in the school’s clinical setting..

An emphasis is now made on learning in the clinical and technical environments. Most of the technical skills are designed to teach examination and diagnostic techniques.

(Minor Surgery 30 hrs) 72 4

(Nat. Med. Pract. 50 hrs X 2)

SENIOR

Seventh Semester HOURS

Class Semester

Chem 635.2 Trophology 36 2

Chem 636 Toxicology 16 1

Path 654 Clinical Pathology 36 2

Diag 667 Pediatrics 72 4

Rntg 673.1 X-ray Interpretation 36 2

Clin 688.1 Psychiatry

(Abnormal Psychology) 54 3

Clin 686.2 Minor Surgery 36 2

Clin 689.1 Clinic (Naturae Medicina

Pract. 50 hrs.) 360 18

Clin 689.3 Obstetric Internship 40 2

___ __

(38 Class Hours per Week) 688 36

Eighth Semester

Chem 635.2 Trophology 18 1

Diag 668 Geriatrics 36 2

Diag 669.1 Proctology

(Minor Surgery 30 hrs.) 54 3

Diag 669.2 Urology 18 1

Rntg 673.2 Advanced X-ray Interpretation 18 1

Clin 688.2 Psychiatry

(Abnormal Psychology) 54 3

Nat 696 Semantics 18 1

Nat 697 Jurisprudence 36 2

Nat 698 Endocrinology 36 2

Clin 689.2 Clinic (Naturae Medicina

Pract. 50 hrs.) 360 18

Clin 689.3 Obstetric Internship 40 2

___ __

(38 Class Hours per Week) 688 36

Total Class Hours for Senior Year 1376 72

3222 161

Total Class Hours for graduation 4598 233

SENIOR/FOURTH YEAR

Seventh Semester HOURS

Class Semester

Trophology a 36 2

Toxicology a 16 1

Clinical Pathology a 36 2

X-ray Interpretation a 36 2

Pediatrics a,c,d 72 4

Psychiatry a,c,d 54 3

Minor Surgery a,c,d 36 2

Clinic (Naturae Medicina) d 360 18

Obstetric Internship d 40 2

___ __

(38 Class Hours per Week) 688 36

Eighth Semester

Trophology a 18 1

Adv. X-ray Interpretation a 18 1

Semantics a 18 1

Jurisprudence a 36 2

Endocrinology a 36 2

Geriatrics a,c,d 36 2

Proctology a,c,d 54 3

Urology a,c,d 18 1

Psychiatry a,c,d 54 3

Clinic (Naturae Medicina) d 360 18

Obstetric Internship d 40 2

___ __

(38 Class Hours per Week) 688 36

These final lectures answer malingering questions regarding the profession, licensure, marketing and business skills.

Various clinical hours are spent learning other popular medical specialties such as Geriatrics, Pediatrics and Psychiatrics. The Obstetrical Externship requirement almost equaivalent to that of midwifery certification is carried out.

More than half the time is spent in the clinical practica.

(Nat. Med. Pract. 50 hrs X 2)

Psychiatry= Abnormal Psychology

Proctology (Minor Surgery 30 hrs.) a,c,d 54 3

If we assume that a course which serves more than one teaching purpose, shared those purposes equally, then we get some idea n the emphasies made in placing the students in the classroom, technician or clinical environment forr each of the semesters they attend the school. One would expect the majority of the clinical hours to increase as the years of schooling pass.

Even though the hours are not evenly divided when a course classroom-technic-clinic program, evenly dividing the semester, and class hours amongst each of these one or more course goals helps to give a better understanding how much time each student is expecte4d to allot to each of these learning environments.

Equation

CH=# Classroom Hours spent learning for a particular course.

SH=# Semester Hours spent learning for a particular course.

CH or SH number of hours divied up amongst the

n = learning options the student goes through.

i.e.

When n=1, such as when a course is only intended to be classroom training, CH or SH doesn’t change.

Description of ‘n’

n=1:

For basic lecture-type courses.

For the final clerkship/intern/extern expereicens, the student debvotes all of his/her time in the clinical setting. These courses–appropriately called “Clinic”–are each alloted only a ‘d.’ Therefore n=1 for these courses.

n=2:

For a Basic Science course in which time is spent in the lab and the classroom. Usually these times are not equally shared, but for this analysis they will be considered equal time allotments by the course instructor. Courses effected by this analysis incldue the Physiology, Chemistry and Embryology courses, each of which have lab programs. Thus, since ‘a’ and ‘b’ are reviewed for these classes their n value is given a value of 2.

For a class on technical skills, such as the ones of “Manipulative Techniques” [Nat. 493.2], First Aid [Clin 381], and Body Mechanics [Nat 391].

n=3:

For a Clinical Science course like Pediatrics or Geriatrics, all of the hours a student earns by attending these are divided by 3, since the time is divied up amongst classroom, technician’s work, and clinics. For these classes, the n value is assumed to be 3.

Taking the sums for all CH/n and SH/n for each class for each year gives us an idea of how the teaching system in the classroom changes first to didactic and then clinical training.

First Year CH SH

n=? Class n Sem. n

First Semester

Introduction-Healing Arts a 1 54 54 4 4

Histology a,b 2 90 45 5 2.5

Osteology a,b 2 90 45 5 2.5

Physiology a,b 2 126 63 5 2.5

Inorganic Chemistry a,b 2 90 45 4 2

Second Semester

Syndesmology a 1 36 36 2 2

Myology a 1 72 72 4 4

Organic Chemistry a 1 72 72 4 4

Physiology a,b 2 126 63 5 2.5

Bacteriology a,b 2 72 36 4 2

First Aid a,c 2 18 9 1 0.5

Body Mechanics a,c 2 54 27 3 1.5

—————————————————

Second Year CH SH

n=? Class n Sem. n

Third Semester

Angiology & Lymphatics a 1 72 72 4 4

Anatomical Neurology a 1 72 72 4 4

Biochemistry a 1 72 72 4 4

Embryology a,b 2 72 36 4 2

General Pathology a,b 2 109 54.5 5 2.5

Manipulative Technique a,c 2 72 36 4 2

X-ray Technique a,c,d 3 72 24 4 1.33

___ __

(30 Class Hours per Week) 540 29

Fourth Semester

Splanchnology a 1 54 54 3 3

Neurology a 1 54 54 3 3

Adv. Physio./Correlative a 1 54 54 3 3

Biochemistry a 1 54 54 3 3

P.H./Preventive Medicine a,b 2 72 36 4 2

Special Pathology a,b 2 90 45 4 2

Laboratory Diagnosis a,b 2 72 36 4 2

Manipulative Technique a,c 2 90 45 5 2.5

___ __

(30 Class Hours per Week) 540 29

—————————————————

Third Year CH SH

n=? Class n Sem. n

Fifth Semester

Prin./Prac. of Natur. a 1 18 18 1 1

Botanical Medicine a,b 2 36 18 2 1

Dissection, Human a,b 2 144 72 5 2.5

Physical Diagnosis a,c,d 3 90 30 5 1.67

Ophthalomology a,c,d 3 36 12 2 0.67

Clinical Neurology a,c,d 3 72 24 4 1.33

Gynecology a,c,d 3 72 24 4 1.33

Orthopedics a,c,d 3 18 6 1 0.33

Electrotherapy a,c,d 3 36 12 2 0.67

Clinic (Naturae Medicina) d 1 144 144 4 4

___ __

(37 Class Hours per Week) 666 30

Sixth Semester

Prin./Prac. of Natur. a 1 36 12 2 2

Botanical Medicine a,b 2 36 12 2 1

Clinical Diagnosis a,c,d 3 90 30 5 1.67

Otolaryngology a,c,d 3 36 12 2 0.67

Visceral Neurology a,c,d 3 54 18 3 1

Gynecology a,c,d 3 72 24 4 1.33

Minor Surgery a,c,d 3 36 12 2 0.67

Physiotherapy a,c,d 3 36 12 2 0.67

Hydrotherapy a,c,d 3 36 12 2 0.67

Clinic (Naturae Medicina) d 1 144 144 4 4

___ __

(32 Class Hours per Week) 576 28

—————————————————

Fourth Year CH SH

n=? Class n Sem. n

Seventh Semester

Trophology a 1 36 36 2 2

Toxicology a 1 16 16 1 1

Clinical Pathology a 1 36 36 2 2

X-ray Interpretation a 1 36 36 2 2

Pediatrics a,c,d 3 72 24 4 1.33

Psychiatry a,c,d 3 54 18 3 1

Minor Surgery a,c,d 3 36 12 2 0.67

Clinic (Naturae Medicina) d 1 360 360 18 18

Obstetric Internship d 1 40 40 2 0.5

___ __

(38 Class Hours per Week) 688 36

Eighth Semester

Trophology a 1 18 18 1 1

Adv. X-ray Interpretation a 1 18 18 1 1

Semantics a 1 18 18 1 1

Jurisprudence a 1 36 36 2 2

Endocrinology a 1 36 36 2 2

Geriatrics a,c,d 3 36 12 2 0.67

Proctology a,c,d 3 54 18 3 1

Urology a,c,d 3 18 6 1 0.33

Psychiatry a,c,d 3 54 18 3 1

Clinic (Naturae Medicina) d 1 360 360 18 18

Obstetric Internship d 1 40 40 2 2

___ __

(38 Class Hours per Week) 688 36

—————————————————

ANALYSIS [CH = Classroom Hours, SH=Study Hours]

Sum all ‘a’ for CH/n and SH/n per semester

CH/n SH/n

First 252 13.5

Second 315 16.5

Third 366.5 19.83

Fourth 378 20.5

Fifth 216 10.5

Sixth 144 9.67

Seventh 178 10.0

Eight 174 10.0

2023.5 110.5

Sum all ‘b’ for CH/n and SH/n per semester

CH/n SH/n

First 198 9.5

Second 99 4.5

Third 90.5 4.5

Fourth 117 6.0

Fifth 90 3.5

Sixth 12 1.0

Seventh — —

Eight — —

606.5 29

Sum all ‘c’ for CH/n and SH/n per semester

First — —

Second 36 2.0

Third 60 3.33

Fourth 45 2.5

Fifth 108 6.0

Sixth 120 6.67

Seventh 54 3.0

Eight 54 3.0

477 26.5

Sum all ‘d’ for CH/n and SH/n per semester

First — —

Second — —

Third 24 1.33

Fourth — —

Fifth 252 10.0

Sixth 264 10.67

Seventh 454 21.5

Eight 454 23.0

1448 76.5

SUM FOR SH/n PER SEMESTER

a b c d SUM

First 13.5 9.5 — — 22.5

Second 16.5 4.5 2.0 — 23.0

Third 19.83 4.5 3.33 1.33 28.5

Fourth 20.5 6.0 2.5 — 28.5

Fifth 10.5 3.5 6.0 10.0 30.0

Sixth 9.67 1.0 6.67 10.67 38.0

Seventh 10.0 — 3.0 21.5 34.5

Eight 10.0 — 3.0 23.0 36.0

SUM 110.5 29 26.5 76.5 239.0

SUM FOR CH/n PER SEMESTER

a b c d SUM

First 252 198 — — 450

Second 315 99 36 — 450

Third 366.5 90.5 60 24 541

Fourth 378 117 45 — 540

Fifth 216 90 108 252 666

Sixth 144 12 120 264 540

Seventh 178 — 54 454 686

Eighth 174 — 54 454 682

SUM 2023.5 606.5 477 1448 4545

Sum all ‘c’ for SH/n per semester

First
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth
Sixth
Seventh
Eight

Sum all ‘d’ for SH/n per semester

First
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth
Sixth
Seventh
Eight

students.

LIVING CONDITIONS

Brian Altonen, MPH, MS